Study of Ultra-Fast Phenomena Generated in Femtosecond Laser-material Interactions

The great technological progress in the field of pulsed lasers and in particular femtosecond lasers attracts a lot of attention whether for academic research or in industry because of the interest of its justified applications in multiple fields. The interaction of light with matter is very different for these pulses compared to longer pulses. The matter is almost instantly changed and then evolves as the laser pulse is terminated; the thermal effects are profoundly changed. These mechanisms are of course studied for themselves, but already it is possible to understand that many new applications are accessible. The innovative applications of laser technology are linked to the advancement of knowledge of the mechanisms of laser-matter interaction. The aim of this work is to understand the ultra-fast phenomena generated during the interaction of ultrashort lasers with metallic surfaces such as gold for thermal machining.