Influence of Coolant Concentration on Surface Roughness during Turning of Steel C-60

During recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the during turning operations, to improve forming the outer layer, such as surface cooling which enhances some of the surface characteristics and producing a good surface finish. In this experimental work, the effect of cutting fluid concentrations on surface roughness has been studied because of its importance in the cutting process. The general aim of the work in this paper was to investigate the surface roughness of the workpiece when machining high carbon steel with tungsten inserts during wet machining conditions. In the experimentation, five different velocities, five feeds, five depths of cut and five coolant-oil content percentages were used to evaluate the surface roughness with these parameters. Design of experiments is a very efficient method for developing valuable research while saving time in the process. The technique used in this study for designing experiments was introduced by Box and Hunter. A rotatable factorial design of experiments with a central composite of second order can be used to enhance the reliability of investigation work. The package of design of experiments and analysis of variance used in this study has been used widely in experimentation work. The tests were performed using a traditional lathe machine. The results of this process were obtained, analyzed, and discussed using three-dimensional relationships between roughness and the cutting parameters mentioned above. The conclusions from this work show a general trend for a decrease in surface roughness as the percentage of oil in the coolant increases.