Extraction of Oil and Preparation of Biodiesel using Orange Peel and its Performance and Emission Analysis on CI Engine

Although fossil diesel is essential in daily life, it's rapid depletion and environmental impact attract researchers looking for a substitute for fossil diesel (FD). Bio-oil extracted from wastes such as vegetable and fruit peels and converted into biodiesel is essential to filling the energy demand. The present work uses orange peel to extract the oil from it through a Soxhlet apparatus and then convert it into biodiesel (BD) with the help of the transesterification process. Also, three different blending mixtures with orange peel biodiesel (OPBD) were made based on volume. They were named OPBD 0 (fossil diesel 100%), OPBD 10 (10% BD + 90% FD), and OPBD 20% (20% BD + 80% FD), and they were tested on a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to see how well they worked and how much pollution they gave off. A rope brake dynamometer was used to vary the load from 0 to 5 kg). Performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) was determined, and emissions such as nitrogen dioxide (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), were also analyzed with the help of a gas analyzer. Out of different blending mixtures, OPBD 20 gives the best results in terms of performance and reducing toxic gases. Overall, OPBD 20 can be chosen as an alternative to FD.