Effect of Nanoadditives on Biodiesel Performance and Emission Parameters: A Review

The renewable energy source biodiesel has significant advantages over fossil fuels and diesel oil, making it a viable replacement. Many researchers are inventing new methods and ideas for preparing Biodiesel products and have also found that nanoadditive is one of the best alternatives that upgrade fuel properties. Thus, nanoadditive use is in recent demand because of its significant impact on emission reduction. Researchers have used many nanoadditives like TiO₂, SiO₂, CNT, GO, CeO₂, CuO etc.; some show very few changes, but some show magnificent changes. In this paper, a comparative study of nanoadditives is being done to determine the parameters that change by doping nano additive in biodiesel blends and found that mixing nanoadditives change the properties of biodiesel. Thus, many papers will be reviewed on how properties change and the changes in combustion, performance and emission characteristics. Further, we can compare nano additives that show the best result and fewer changes; thus, this will help researchers select the best nano additive for their experiments. In combustion characteristics increase in Cylinder Pressure, Heat Release Rate (HRR) and a decrease in Ignition Delay were founded. In Performance Characteristics doping nanoadditive increases BTE but reduces BSFC & EGT. The significant changes in emission characteristics include an increase in NOX and a decrease in CO, HC, CO₂, and smoke. Also, it was found that different nanoadditives showed different results and concluded that CNT and TiO₂ showed the best result, and thus they can be used in further experiments.