Effect of Cutting Fluids in Machining: A Review

In the machining operations, the cutting zone needs lubrication and cooling, that are supplied by cutting fluids. In the machining domain's route to long-term sustainability in turning, milling, or drilling, nanofluid applied as a metalworking fluid, provides notable outcomes compared to traditional cutting fluids. Due to its efficient thermo-physical qualities, nanofluid emerged as highly capable of working as a good cutting fluid. This review provides in-depth information about the impact of various cutting fluids based on mineral oil, vegetable oil, nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, and machining with dry and air cooling. The primary aim of all machining processes is to reduce production costs by raising productivity and quality. The thermophysical properties, methodologies of preparing hybrid nanofluid, synthesis, and characterization are briefly presented. Based on many literature reviews, it is found that the nano-cutting fluid reduces the temperature of tools, tool wear, and surface quality while also being less hazardous to the environment. The application and effect of various nano-cutting fluids, and hybrid fluids in flood cooling and dry machining are discussed and also compared in this comprehensive review. This study concentrated on reviewing the experimental and numerical observations obtained by applying the various types of cutting fluids during the cutting process by many authors. The different cutting parameters are compared in mono-type nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids for turning and milling operations. The utilization of hybrid nanofluid in different cutting operations resulted in one of the essential sustainable developments.