The Potential of Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetlands in Northeast India: A Critical Review

The benefits of economical treatment systems and global demand for introducing sustainable way of environmental management, the Constructed Wetlands (CWs) treatment of domestic sewage is rising rapidly all over the globe. The Total nitrogen in the sewage is the summation of Organic Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen. Ammonification, Matrix Adsorption, Nitrification, Denitrification, Plant Uptake and Ammonia Volatilization are the principle involved for total nitrogen removal in the treatment of sewage using CWs. This paper provides a comprehensive review by comparative analysis of effects of type and nature of flow system, wetland structures, types of Macrophyte, removal mechanisms, Aeration, Step-feeding and other key operational parameters and conditions for the enhance removal of total nitrogen in CWs.